I'm not going to get into a long discussion on this because your question is so vague that it invites long arguments with moving goalposts;Chief2k13 wrote:Finally, im back, been a while. It was so long i totally forgot you need to have a symbol in your password, thats a horrible idea. Anyways, i will post my points later. I am busy at the moment but just wanted you all to know, i have access to the board again. Thanks again Burnaby49, hope to see you again. Just a quick question, does anyone reject our treaty, consider them invalid? i brought it up in the case, Burnaby49 had pasted it to the post above, the Two Row Wampum. Does it apply here yes or no ? IF the law says we are separate, should it not be so?
Them? Are we talking about all treaties or just Two Row Wampum? If you mean all, no I don't reject all of them, many are clearly valid and legally binding on both sides. But Two Row Wampum is not supported by Canadian caselaw (more on that below) and I am not aware of any other treaty that says "we are separate". Apart from general comments you made at the hearing about the Two Row Wampum Treaty you cited nothing indicating a law that supports your argument that you are immune to Canadian law. Even with treaties that are clearly binding you can't extend them to a writ of independence from Canadian laws. Since the Two Row Wampum Treaty has been rejected by Canadian courts you get no support there.Just a quick question, does anyone reject our treaty, consider them invalid? i brought it up in the case, Burnaby49 had pasted it to the post above, the Two Row Wampum. Does it apply here yes or no ? IF the law says we are separate, should it not be so?
I'll give you my opinion of what is going to happen on Thursday. I think you are going to lose because the judge will place no weight on any of your arguments. I'm not entirely negative, you might win but if you do it will not be because of the Two Row Wampum arguments or any other treaty nor will it be because of your dual person arguments. It will be because the judge does not accept the validity of the documents in the Society's affidavit. He seemed concerned about proof that you (and I mean all the various you's, he's not going to acquit because Hajistahenhway notarised things and the "you" at court was Chief Sino General) signed them. This is a technical error relating to evidence which is unrelated to treaties or split personalities.
So why do I say that the Two Row Wampum Treaty has been rejected by our courts? Because you are not the first person to bring it up as a defence. I have some cases that I found covering this issue. The courts rejected the claimed treaty defence in all of them. If you have any cases that show the treaty was accepted by a Canadian court please give me the citation.
I'll go to the Supreme Court of Canada first. Mitchell v. M.N.R., [2001] 1 SCR 911, 2001 SCC 33 provides an answer. Two Row Wampum was clearly addressed - Binnie references it at paras 127-131 of his minority opinion. It isn't even mentioned by the majority who reject the alleged Mohawk international trade right, but it was clearly advanced. I'd say the SCC has implicitly indicated the Two Row Wampum is irrelevant, or at least not the Magical Bullet that you want it to be.
A recent case is M.M. (Re), 2013 ABPC 59 which specifically rejected the Two Row Wampum Treaty in paragraphs 90 and 91;127 In the constitutional framework envisaged by the respondent, the claimed aboriginal right is simply a manifestation of the more fundamental relationship between the aboriginal and non-aboriginal people. In the Mohawk tradition this relationship is memorialized by the “two-row” wampum, referred to by the respondent in Exhibit D-13, at pp. 109-110, and in his trial evidence (trans., vol. 2, at pp. 191-92), and described in the Haudenosaunee presentation to the Parliamentary Special Committee on Indian Self-Government in 1983 as follows:
When the Haudenosaunee first came into contact with the European nations, treaties of peace and friendship were made. Each was symbolized by the Gus-Wen-Tah or Two Row Wampum. There is a bed of white wampum which symbolizes the purity of the agreement. There are two rows of purple, and those two rows have the spirit of your ancestors and mine. There are three beads of wampum separating the two rows and they symbolize peace, friendship and respect.
These two rows will symbolize two paths or two vessels, travelling down the same river together. One, a birch bark canoe, will be for the Indian people, their laws, their customs and their ways. The other, a ship, will be for the white people and their laws, their customs and their ways. We shall each travel the river together, side by side, but in our own boat. Neither of us will try to steer the other's vessel.
(Indian Self-Government in Canada: Report of the Special Committee (1983), back cover)
128 Thus, in the “two-row” wampum there are two parallel paths. In one path travels the aboriginal canoe. In the other path travels the European ship. The two vessels co-exist but they never touch. Each is the sovereign of its own destiny.
129 The modern embodiment of the “two-row” wampum concept, modified to reflect some of the realities of a modern state, is the idea of a “merged” or “shared” sovereignty. “Merged sovereignty” asserts that First Nations were not wholly subordinated to non-aboriginal sovereignty but over time became merger partners. The final Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, vol. 2 (Restructuring the Relationship (1996)), at p. 214, says that “Aboriginal governments give the constitution [of Canada] its deepest and most resilient roots in the Canadian soil.” This updated concept of Crown sovereignty is of importance. Whereas historically the Crown may have been portrayed as an entity across the seas with which aboriginal people could scarcely be expected to identify, this was no longer the case in 1982 when the s. 35(1) reconciliation process was established. The Constitution was patriated and all aspects of our sovereignty became firmly located within our borders. If the principle of “merged sovereignty” articulated by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples is to have any true meaning, it must include at least the idea that aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians together form a sovereign entity with a measure of common purpose and united effort. It is this new entity, as inheritor of the historical attributes of sovereignty, with which existing aboriginal and treaty rights must be reconciled.
130 The final Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, vol. 2, goes on to describe “shared” sovereignty at pp. 240-41 as follows:
Shared sovereignty, in our view, is a hallmark of the Canadian federation and a central feature of the three-cornered relations that link Aboriginal governments, provincial governments and the federal government. These governments are sovereign within their respective spheres and hold their powers by virtue of their constitutional status rather than by delegation. Nevertheless, many of their powers are shared in practice and may be exercised by more than one order of government.
On this view, to return to the nautical metaphor of the “two-row” wampum, “merged” sovereignty is envisaged as a single vessel (or ship of state) composed of the historic elements of wood, iron and canvas. The vessel's components pull together as a harmonious whole, but the wood remains wood, the iron remains iron and the canvas remains canvas. Non-aboriginal leaders, including Sir Wilfrid Laurier, have used similar metaphors. It represents, in a phrase, partnership without assimilation.
131 The s. 35(1) issue arising out of all this is signalled in the style of cause. The respondent sued as “GRAND CHIEF MICHAEL MITCHELL also known as KANENTAKERON”. He lives with a foot simultaneously in two cultural communities, each with its own framework of legal rights and responsibilities. As Kanentakeron he describes learning from his grandfather the spiritual practices of the People of the Longhouse, whose roots in North America go back perhaps 10,000 years. Yet the name Michael Mitchell announces that he is also part of modern Canada who watches television from time to time and went to high school in Cornwall. As much as anyone else in this country, he is a part of our collective sovereignty. He writes in Exhibit D-13, at p. 135:
If anyone thinks that Mohawks are anti-Canadian or American, then we kindly remind you that First Nations in North America, in ratio to other nationalities, sent more soldiers to the First and Second World Wars. Since we usually wound up on the front lines, many of our people didn't make it home.
Another recent case is R. v. Jamieson, 2013 ONCJ 662. In this the defendant was found criminally liable although she advanced the Two Row position and claimed, because of it, she was immune from the application of Canadian laws. I understand this to be your position also. From Jamieson;[90] The final difficulty is whether a "state to state" or "nation to nation" claim is realistically available in this case, and whether a sec. 35(1) of Constitutional Act, 1982, is also available or applicable. The Attorney General of Alberta has submitted that there is no authority for any proposition that the Two Row Wampum, the Silver Covenant Chain or the Jay Treaty confer rights to immunity from provincial laws. The Attorney General has argued that the courts have uniformly rejected the proposition that aboriginal persons are immune, in a general sense, from the laws of Canada and the Provinces. The Attorney General has relied on the following cases:
a) R. v. Day Chief, 2007 ABCA 22 (CanLII), 2007 CarswellAlta 44
b) R. v. Janvier, 2000 ABQB 187 (CanLII), 2000, Carswell Alta 295
c) R. v. Yellowhorn, 2006 ABQB 307 (CanLII)
d) R. v. David, 2000, CarswellOnt 540, [2000] O.J. No. 561 (S.C.J.)
[91] In R. v. David, 2000, CarswellOnt 540, [2000] O.J. No. 561 the accused had argued that as a member of the Mohawk Nation, a member of the “Haundensosaunee” Band, that he was immune from prosecution and that the court had no jurisdiction over him. The accused relied on the “Two Row Wampum” and the “Silver Covenant Chain”. Justice Rutherford of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice rejected these arguments stating:
Mr. David's claim, essentially a claim for full aboriginal Mohawk sovereignty, is not a novel one. It is a proposition that has been considered by Canadian courts on numerous occasions. It has never been accepted and I am certainly bound to reject it as well. Canada sovereignty is a legal reality recognized by the “law of nations”. Claims such as has been advanced in this case by Mr. David do not make that reality less real.
I suggest we just wait until Thursday to continue the discussion about treaties. You said a number of times in court that if it decided against you all of Canada's treaties would be invalidated because the Queen, as represented by the court, will have broken her oath to the natives by rejecting the Two Wampum Treaty. So, if you lose, there will be no longer be any legally binding relationships of any kind between the government of Canada and the native population. So let's watch the chaos that ensues. Let's see which native groups and communities support you and declare independence.DEFENCES
[33] Ms. Jamieson did not call evidence. During her submissions, she tendered a number of newspaper articles about CANACE and the activities of its members. I entered these as exhibits. They are not evidence however. In any event, the information contained in them was pretty much common knowledge to everyone in the criminal courts in Haldimand County.
[34] Ms. Jamieson never clearly articulated any formal defence.
[35] She did however ask certain questions of the Crown witnesses and make certain comments to me that made me believe that she might be advancing certain arguments in her defence. In light of the fact that she is not represented by counsel, I intend to address those issues as if she had advanced them as arguments in her defence.
JURISDICTION
[36] The first issue is whether this court has the jurisdiction to try Ms. Jamieson.
[37] She repeatedly told me during the trial that “I do not recognize your laws”.
[38] She asked Crown witnesses if they knew anything about the “Two Row Wampum” or the “Nanfan Treaty”.
[39] I was able, with the assistance of several textbooks,[6] to refresh my memory with respect to the following information.
[40] In 1664, the Haudenosaunee entered into an agreement with the British King’s agents called the Treaty of Albany or the Two Row Wampum or the Kaswehntha (the River of Life). In its simplest form, the resulting relationship was symbolized by a ship and a canoe which were moving separately but in the same direction.[7]
[41] This relationship of two separate nations agreeing to work together was reaffirmed in subsequent agreements, especially the Royal Proclamation of October 7, 1763[8] and the Treaty of Niagara in 1764[9].
[42] The Nanfan Treaty[10] ceded title to certain lands to the Crown in return for perpetual hunting rights being retained by the Haudenosaunee.
[43] All of these agreements have previously been cited in support of arguments raised by various accused persons to the effect that the Crown in Right of Canada has no criminal law jurisdiction over aboriginal persons, especially members of the Haudenosaunee. These arguments have consistently been rejected by courts whose decisions are binding on me.
[44] In R. v. Sparrow, the Supreme Court of Canada stated that:
It is worth recalling that while British policy towards the native population was based on respect for their right to occupy their traditional lands a proposition to which the Royal Proclamation of 1763 bears witness, there was from the outset never any doubt that the sovereignty and legislative power, and indeed the underlying title to such lands vested in the Crown.[11]
[45] In R. v. Pamajewon, the Ontario Court of Appeal stated that Sparrow “plainly established that sovereignty and legislative power are vested in the Crown”.[12]
[46] The Court of Appeal reached a similar conclusion in Ro: Ri: Wi: Io v. Canada (Attorney General).[13]
[47] In R. v. David[14], R. v. Francis[15] and R. v. Gibson[16], three separate Justices of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice all rejected the argument that members of the Haudenosaunee were exempt from the application of Canadian criminal law.
[48] Accordingly, I also reject any argument that Ms. Jamieson is exempt from prosecution here as a result of her status as a Haudenosaunee woman.